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Chihuahuas comprise the smallest breed
of dog, which originated in the Mexican
state of Chihuahua, for which they are
named. They are believed to be descended
from Techichis, favored companion dogs
of the 9th-11th century Toltec civilization.
According to breed standards, Chihuahuas
must weigh under 6 pounds. On average,
they weigh between 2 and 6 pounds. The
dogs also measure 6-9 inches in height
on average; however, as the breed standard
does not specify a height, much variation
in height is present in the breed, and
Chihuahuas can measure up to 15 inches
in height. Chihuahuas have high, starkly
rounded skulls; bat ears; and large, round
eyes.
Two distinct head shapes may be observed
among Chihuahuas. The most common head
shape, and the only conformationally correct
one, is known as an apple head shape.
Chihuahuas with this head shape have round
skulls that are wider at the top than
at the bottom, and are often slightly
sunken in at the very top. Any Chihuahua
without an apple head has what is called
a deer head, in which the snout normally
protrudes more dramatically from the face.
There are two varieties of Chihuahua,
which are distinguished by their fur;
smooth-coated Chihuahuas have short coats
of varying textures, while long-haired
Chihuhauas have long double-coats that
are smooth to the touch. The long-haired
variety was originally created by crossing
Chihuahuas with Yorkshire Terriers and
Papillons.
Significant variation exists in the appearance
of Chihuahua fur; Chihuahuas display a
wide range of colors and patterns. They
are often fawn, cream, white, black, chocolate,
red, blue, or gold in color, though they
exist in a large array of other distinct
shades. Chihuahuas may be solid, parti,
brindle, ticked, merle, piebald, or one
of several other patterns.
Chihuahuas vary significantly in temperament
depending on how they are socialized,
and therefore must be trained properly.
They have a strong tendency to be very
loyal to one person, and may become overprotective
of that person. They cohabitate best with
other Chihuahuas, but can be suitable
for life with another dog of a calm temperament,
and/or additional older, calmer, and patient
people, particularly if the Chihuahua
is well-trained.
Chihuahuas are fairly low-maintenance
dogs. They require minimal grooming, and
the long-haired variety requires no trimming.
Chihuahuas also require little exercise,
making them ideal pets for those living
in cities and/or small apartments, or
those with busy schedules who may be unable
to walk their dog very often. However,
Chihuahuas may need to have their nails
trimmed regularly, and are often picky
eaters.
Chihuahuas are prone to dental problems;
hydrocephalus, a brain condition; neurological
disorders such as epilepsy; and collapsed
trachea. The lifespan of a Chihuahua may
vary significantly, but normally falls
between 10 and 14 years.
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